Cartesian Diver Lab Report Essay Example

Cartesian Diver Lab Report Essay Example Cartesian Diver Lab Report Paper Cartesian Diver Lab Report Paper Initial a 2-liter container is loaded up with water to practically right to the top, at that point set up the jumper which is a test tube, fill the test tube around 50-60% with water, trim the jumper inside the jug the jumper should glide close to the water surface at that point secure the top on the jug. At the point when the compartment is pressed, the jumper should sink to the base of the holder. Discharge the jug gradually, the jumper should come up backward request. The Cartesian jumper shows that air is compressible and water is incompressible. At the point when the holder is crush, the weight from crush is disseminated equivalent all through the compartment and the volume of air in the jumper diminishes on account of the expanded weight of the water encompassing the jumper. Since the volume of air inside the jumper diminished, and water topped off where the air use to be, the jumper gets denser and will start to sink if enough weight is applied. It starts to sink since it gets denser so the upward power of the water isn't incredible enough to keep the jumper gliding. At the point when the compartment isn't crushed, the jumper will drift back to the top on the grounds that the weight that was packing the air in the jumper was remembered so the air could take is typical volume again which make it least thick. In this manner the Cartesian jumper shows the compressibility of a gas, the incompressibility of water. The Cartesian jumper explore additionally shows the Pascals law. As indicated by Pascals law, when the container is crushed, the applied weight increment all through the jug by a similar sum incorporate within the jumper. The control volume for this lab explore is the whole water bottle including the jumper inside. Items buoy or sink because of their thickness. Thickness can be depicted as the measure of weight in a particular volume. An item is light if its relative thickness is not exactly the thickness of the liquid that is encompassing it. As indicated by Archimedes rule, an item will be lightened by a power that is equivalent to the heaviness of water that it uproots. The air inside the jumper can be compacted substantially more effectively than water, in this manner the water level inside the jumper increment as the jug is crushed because of the weight increment. The applied weight by crushed the container can be decide by utilizing this condition: P =F/A Where P is the applied weight, F is the power by the fingers and An is the zone of the fingers contact the jug 14. 14 (CM) With the applied weight, the weight ascend in the outlet dependent on water level change inside the jumper can be gauge by utilizing this condition: P =Pugh Where P is the applied weight, p is the water thickness, g is gravity and h is the tallness of the water rise, 0. CM. Join condition (1) and (2) the power by the figure rises to 0. NON and applied weight rises to 29. Daddy The Cartesian jumper try exhibits Archimedes standards. Articles either buoy or sink as a result of lightness, lightness is the upward power that keeps objects drifting. On the off chance that the lightness surpasses the weight, at that point the item glides and on the off chance that the weight surpasses the uncanny, at that point the article sinks, consequently Neutral lightness is accomplished w hen the mass of an article approaches the mass it uproots in an encompassing medium. This balances the power of gravity that would some way or another reason the article to sink. An article that has nonpartisan lightness will neither sink nor rise. As indicated by Archimedes standards the light power following up on a collection of uniform thickness inundated in a liquid is equivalent to the heaviness of the liquid dislodged by the body, and it acts upward through the focused of the uprooted volume: xv_sub Where F_B is the lightness power, p_f is cover thickness, g is gravity and V_sub is the lower volume. F=MGM Where F is the heaviness of the item, m is the mass of the article and g is the gravity. By relating condition (3) and (4) the lightness power rises to 0. 1 N and mass of the cylinder is about leg. IV=part Where P is the weight, V is the volume, p is the thickness, R is the gas steady and T is the temperature. P_2/P_1 =h_1/h_2 Where P_l the weight ascent of the jug, P_2 Pressure ascent of the jumper, h_l is the tallness of weight ascend in jug and h_2 is the stature of weight ascend in jumper. Cartesian jumper can accomplish an impartially light state . Anyway when the Cartesian jumper arrive at the impartially light state it will be a precarious harmony like a ball on a slope, a little change can cause to rise or sink once more. The hydrostatic weight is a significant factor in the Cartesian jumper, the hydrostatic weight is the weight applied by a liquid at balance because of the power of gravity. The hydrostatic weight of the water increment as the jumper sinks, for this specific Cartesian jumper a little change in hydrostatic weight will influence the jumper to sink, rise or remain and the way to accomplish the jumper to remain instructional exercise light is the exact estimation of how far the jumper sinks before it sinks totally or skims. The rule of lightness of a submarines are fundamentally the same as the Cartesian jumper. Submarines can control their lightness by siphoning air into the stabilizer tanks expands the submarines lightness and permits it to buoy to the surface like Cartesian jumper at starting state when there is sufficient air within the jumper, the Cartesian jumper can likewise control lightness relies upon how hard the individual crushed the jug. Submarines could likewise discharging air and permitting water to fill the counterweight tanks to diminishes the feminines lightness and permits it to sink, like the Cartesian jumper when the container is pressed, the water level in jumper increment which additionally decline its lightness, so the Cartesian jumper sinks. For submarines to arrive at unbiased lightness, the water filling in the counterbalance tanks must be exact so the lightness power will equivalents to the heaviness of submarine, like the Cartesian jumper when the applied power is perfect, the jumper will to arrive at impartial lightness. The Cartesian jumper lab shows the central standards of Pascals law and lightness. At the underlying condition of the Cartesian jumper, the jumper coasts on the water. As a result of lightness is more prominent than the jumpers weight then as jug is crushed the weight increment consistently which cause the jumper increment its water level which decline its lightness so it drops to the base of the jug. At the point when the jug is discharge the jumper ascend to top of the water again because of the weight that was packing the air in the jumper was remembered so the air could take is typical volume again which expanded the lightness back to its underlying state.

Communication Techniques-Sports Commentary Essay

In sports broadcasting, a games analyst gives a running discourse, all things considered, or continuous about a game. Generally, this is finished during a live communicate on TV. The communicate is ordinarily a voiceover and the fundamental observer is infrequently observed on screen if by any stretch of the imagination. In American English, other basic terms for a games reporter are broadcaster and sportscaster. In reality, a sportscaster may simply allude to a news analyst covering the most recent news about games. Kinds of Sport Broadcasters Play-by-play commentators are the essential speakers, esteemed for their articulateness and for their capacity to depict the occasions of a frequently quick moving challenge. Shading reporters, which fill in as partners to the essential speakers are esteemed for understanding and knowledge into the game, and are regularly posed inquiries by the in depth host to give them a point for examination. The last frequently have picked up their involvement with the game as a player or mentor, while the previous is bound to be an expert communicated columnist than a member in the game. The more typical organization is to utilize the two kinds of reporters so as to give a superior adjusted encounter to the crowd. For instance, NBC Sunday Night Football in the United States, which Cris Collinsworth, a previous American football recipient, and Al Michaels, an expert commentator report for. In the United Kingdom anyway there is a considerably less particular division between in depth and shading critique, albeit two-man discourse groups as a rule include a devotee with formal journalistic preparing yet practically zero serious experience driving the editorial, and a specialist previous (or current) contender catching up with investigation or synopsis. There are, be that as it may, special cases to this. For instance, the entirety of the United Kingdom’s significant cricket and snooker reporters are previous experts in their games, while the unbelievable Formula One hustling pundit Murray Walker had no formal journalistic preparing and just constrained dashing experience of his own. Another distinction between the two kinds is that shading observers will for the most part report just a game in which they played or trained, while in depth hosts, for example, Michaels and David Coleman in the UK, may have professions in which they declare a few unique games one after another or another.

A Report on Intervention Strategy

Question: Compose a report (close to 1200 words) sketching out an intercession technique that explicitly targets at least one components of the issue distinguished in your first report. 1) Propose a general vision with regards to what change is conceivable, and how it may be accomplished Aim: to show an away from of (a) what component/s of the issue can and ought to be focused for change, and (b) give a concise diagram of how such change could be influenced. 2) Explain your mediation methodology . 3) Evaluate why your procedure should be powerful Aim: Demonstrate an applied comprehension of your mediation by clarifying why it should work. This can be connected to scholarly hypothesis and research proof for more elevated level help. Answer: In general vision about change As alluded to in the primary report, the issue of natural littering has been featured which has become a concerning viewpoint for the current age. This natural issue is a reason if the human propensities. In the report it has been referenced that individuals will in general toss cigarette butts, soft drink jars, bottles, wrappers, trash, and plastic packs on the ground that make litter. Every one of these things discharge synthetic substances in overwhelming sum that aggregates in nature and effects in a lethal path upon the ecological wellbeing all in all. Along these lines, it is critical to address the issue believing it to be a need (Torgler, Frey Wilson, 2009). In this piece of the report, a general vision has been proposed referencing about the progressions required and these progressions can be realized. It clarifies a viable intercession system to control and check this significant issue. The report likewise centers around the assessment of the proposed methodology to evaluat e that it is so powerful to alleviate the ecological issue. Natural litter has negative effects upon the planet as it harms the environmental factors where we live, play, and work. This issue has been the aftereffect of human propensities because of different reasons. According to hippies, impacts of ecological litter incorporate unsafe impact to our tempest water framework, streams, waterways and seas and our untamed life (Wisti, 2010). Creatures pass on because of eating plastic staple sacks that are left on the ground. Litter is destructive for human wellbeing and to expel these costs should be acquired. In this kind of issues that are brought about by human propensities, it is significant that the wellsprings of issues are very much distinguished and afterward to considers the progressions that can be realized. It is huge to cause changes as this is the best way to oversee such an issue. Mediation Strategy Right off the bat it is imperative to achieve changes in the manner people think and act. At the point when their considerations are with the end goal that they feel worried for their condition and future, it is at exactly that point that a few activities might be taken by them to forestall any kind of condition issue or contamination. Changes might be realized in the manners individuals around the globe are made mindful of the consistently expanding issue of natural litter. Instruction and mindfulness are the most critical intends to alleviate the issue of ecological littering (Torgler, Frey Wilson, 2009). The expanding populace of the world should be made mindful by the procedure of instruction and realizing with the goal that the network is tended to upon the developing worry for natural littering. Another route is to utilize pre and post butt cleanup for guaranteeing that open spots like parks, asphalts, grounds, and sea shores are without smoke and clean. This methodology might be presented by the administration of various nations to deal with the issue. A portion of different mediations might be Bottle charges that is a store merchandise exchange which would be enormously useful in diminishing the loss from the dispensable jugs and other plastic disposables. The plan may likewise be forced upon cigarette butt utilization. The legislature must make prompt move on prohibiting the utilization of plastic packs and such arrangement must be made required. Aside from teaching open and enormous masses with measures and wanted activities to affect emphatically upon the earth, it is additionally essential to keep up courtesies that would help the general population to remember the mindfulness ('Tiny cosmic systems littering early universe vanished from the scene', 2008). For example, there must be a canister kept at each open places in short separations to remind people to toss undesirable articles and things into those containers as it were. The issue is progressively intense in urban districts when contrasted with that of the rustic locales. In urban areas, it is a typical wonder that voyagers who travel by different vehicle implies are will in general toss undesirable things through the window out and about. This should be restricted by the national governments. Government must place guidelines in a method for punishment framework for doing as such or littering nature. At different areas, sign barricades must be put that makes mindfulness among all passers-by. Furthermore, extra duties must be forced on the tobacco utilize like that of cigarette butts, plastic packs, and so forth. The most significant factor is mindfulness (Schultz, Bator, Large, Bruni Tabanico, 2011). Except if an individual is resolved himself to give exceptional consideration t o the earth, it would not be conceivable to achieve any changes. So the most importantly activity is to raise mindfulness and still, small voice. This would be the key advance during the time spent relieving the natural issue. Government must make approaches to reuse paper, plastics, jugs, and jars. People must purchase just those things that have a biodegradable bundling. At schools and universities, litter get bunches must be started to show understudies the propensity for keeping condition spotless and sound. Associations may give impetus to workers to reuse as it might go about as inspiration to feel worried about the earth (Chitotombe, 2014). Open workshops might be organized at customary timeframe at the network to help open in understanding the destructive impacts of natural litter and how this may influence their lives over the long haul. Simply the manner in which it is simply the obligation of the people to raise mindfulness, it is additionally significant for the administ ration to take successful activities and measures to ensure the earth. How Strategies can be Effective The mediations that have been proposed above may end up being profoundly powerful in forestalling and moderating the issue. These intercessions have been recommended after cautious point of view and research. It has been appropriately said that mindfulness is the most critical essential whereby people raise their soul and mindfulness with respect to nature where they live and continue life. In this way, training and conferring of learning is imperative to be attempted to instruct enormous mass (El-Shawk, 2014). At the point when information and learning is hindered inside the people, they would take gauges all alone with no kind of impulse or implementation. Furthermore, government assumes a significant job in keeping up ecological wellbeing. It must edge arrangements and guidelines to check the reasons for ecological litter (Torgler, Frey Wilson, 2009). Government must place guidelines in a method for punishment framework for doing as such or littering the earth. At various areas, s ign blocks must be put that makes mindfulness among all passers-by. In addition, extra expenses must be forced on the tobacco utilize like that of cigarette butts, plastic sacks, and so on. In this sort of issues that are brought about by human propensities, it is significant that the wellsprings of issues are very much recognized and afterward to contemplates the progressions that can be realized. It is critical to cause changes as this is the best way to oversee such an issue (Ojedokun, 2011). Right off the bat it is imperative to achieve changes in the manner individuals think and carry on. At the point when their contemplations are to such an extent that they feel worried for their condition and future, it is at exactly that point that a few activities might be taken by them to forestall any kind of condition issue or contamination. Changes might be achieved in the manners individuals around the globe are made mindful of the consistently expanding issue of natural litter. References Chitotombe, J. (2014). Grilling Factors Associated with Littering along Road Servitudes on Zimbabwean Highways.Environmental Management And Sustainable Development,3(1), 181. doi:10.5296/emsd.v3i1.5023 El-Shawk, S. (2014). Plastic flotsam and jetsam littering the seas goes missing.Nature Middle East. doi:10.1038/nmiddleeast.2014.182 Ojedokun, O. (2011). Disposition towards littering as a go between of the connection between character qualities and dependable ecological behavior.Waste Management,31(12), 2601-2611. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2011.08.014 Schultz, P., Bator, R., Large, L., Bruni, C., Tabanico, J. (2011). Littering in Context: Personal and Environmental Predictors of Littering Behavior.Environment And Behavior,45(1), 35-59. doi:10.1177/0013916511412179 Little cosmic systems littering early universe vanished from the scene. (2008).New Scientist,198(2653), 16. doi:10.1016/s0262-4079(08)61019-2 Torgler, B., Frey, B., Wilson, C. (2009). Ecological and Pro-Social Norms: Evidence on Littering.The B.E. Diary Of Economic Analysis Policy,9(1). doi:10.2202/1935-1682.1929 Wisti, E. (2010). Only Here for Littering.Red Cedar Review,45(1), 68-73. doi:10.1353/rcr.0.0059

The Mystery of Family Human Truths and Personal Bonds in The Brothers Karamazov - Literature Essay Samples

Reading a Dostoevsky book doesn’t give us any insight into the mind of Fyodor Dostoevsky. Dostoevsky almost never makes a blanket statement in his books, and, in general, very few opinions voiced by characters in his novels can be traced back to the author himself. As such, we still don’t know what Dostoevsky thinks about family life, the father/son relationship and all its nuances, or even about the merits of Ivan’s worldview versus Alyosha’s worldview when we read The Brothers Karamazov. He doesn’t ever tell us what to believe, but this massive work by Dostoevsky does put us in a very uncomfortable place as it pushes us to consider the messiness, the sheer earthiness of a son’s relationship to his father, and of all the unspoken griefs and problems that, in this case at least, culminated in murder. The relationship has Biblical connotations and connections. For example, to what extent is a son obligated to love a father? Must a father, in some way, â€Å"earn† his title to win the love of his children? Though the drunkenness and womanizing of Fyodor Pavlovich makes it easy to see in this book, what makes the father/son relationship naturally strained in all cases (i.e., what are the factors inherent in all father/son relationships)? These are all questions that we must face when we read this book, though we shouldn’t expect a definitive, clear-cut answer to all our questions from Dostoevsky himself. Instead, on Dostoevsky rests the obligation to artistically present the narrative in the most provocative way possible, pulling on our instinctive feelings of sympathy, justice, and intrigue, and strategically raising these questions that cut the deepest and cause the maximum discomfort to the reader. The father/son relationship is perhaps the most mysterious of all fa milial bonds. The son knows he is born of the father and must share at least some of his father’s traits, but it often happens that those traits aren’t ever fully known by the son (even if they are, they often reveal themselves in either our ugliest or finest moments). This fact is recognized in Scripture; Adam was created by God bearing His image and likeness, and Jesus Christ himself fully identified with God and man, whom he called his Father and his brothers. When your father is virtuous and generally good-natured, this isn’t much of a problem, but if your father is Fyodor Pavlovich, who has virtually no good traits and has done almost nothing to raise children better than himself, you don’t necessarily want to inherent many of your father’s traits. Dostoevsky recognizes this fact, and masterfully uses it to add depth and mystery to his novel. â€Å"Karamazovism† is a term that is never even fully defined (which was frustrating for the reader), but, as it’s one quality, it’s a term that’s recognized as being possessed by Fyodor and all the brothers Karamazov. From the beginning of the book, the â€Å"Karamazovism† of Alyosha is established in the reader’s mind by Rakitin: â€Å"I’ve been observing you for a long time. You are a Karamazov yourself, a full fledged Karamazov—so race and selection do mean something. You’re a sensualist after your father, and after your mother—a holy fool.† Alyosha doesn’t deny it, although we are given very little evidence of his sensualism in the entire book; he is chaste, and though he often notices the beauty of Grushenka and Katerina Ivanovna, it can’t be seen as more than the ordinary man would feel at th e sight of a beautiful woman. Not only is the inherent â€Å"karamazovism† of Alyosha never questioned, but it’s further confirmed by Kolya and his friends in the last words of the book: â€Å"Karamazov, we love you†¦.Hurrah for Karamazov!† (776) By beginning the novel with the family descriptions and closing the entire novel with these words from Kolya, Dostoevsky is telling the reader to see Alyosha as a Karamazov first and last, prompting us to recognize the inherent â€Å"karamazovism† in him despite the spectacle that that’s already been made of full fledged karamazovism. In the mind of the reader, this has the effect of clouding the novel. It clouds our judgment because it makes any action possible for Alyosha, Ivan, Smerdyakov, and Mitya, essentially because all these characters have the same Karamazov tendencies passed down from their father. It makes it impossible to remove suspicion from any of these characters, instead leaving a cer tain level of guilt and suspicion on all the characters. Ivan may not have murdered Fyodor, but he is not altogether innocent, neither is Mitya, Smerdyakov, nor Alyosha. One of them has to be the murderer, of course, but this shared Karamazov sensuality gives a degree of guilt to them all, confusing the judgement of the reader and complicating the novel. This ties into another key idea of the book, the one that Zosima first voices, that â€Å"everyone is guilty for everyone†, an idea that’s hard to ignore throughout the novel. In this family setting, Ivan believes himself to be guilty of influencing Smerdyakov to murder his father, and Mitya is able to accept his fate only because he believes himself guilty (to a certain degree) of committing murder by wishing for his father’s death. This is consistent with what we believe about families; they exist as units, not shifting the blame from one member to another but rather accepting responsibility as a whole. There should be no faction in the ideal family nor harboring of resentment, but all grievances should be aired openly. The family is a microcosm of what we see in the history of human existence; that everyone is guilty for everyone, and that only by accepting this fact can we, as Father Zosima puts it, â€Å"gain the whole world by love and wash away the world’s sins with [our] tears† (164). The passing along of certain traits from father to son is mysterious and impossible to quantify, but Dostoevsky still doesn’t shy away from the more uncomfortable questions concerning fathers and sons, the ones that we can see play out in front of us with our eyes. Yet these are the problems that are blamed for murder, not the intangible genetics discussed above. In particular, Mitya’s defense attorney Mr. Fetyukovich openly voices several issues in his speech, including these in Book 12, chapter 13: â€Å"But, gentlemen of the jury, one must treat words honestly, and I shall allow myself to name a thing by the proper word, the p roper appellation: such a father as the murdered old Karamazov cannot and does not deserve to be called a father. Love for a father that is not justified by the father is an absurdity, and impossibility. Love cannot be created out of nothing; only God creates out of nothing.† (744). I consider this to be the most shocking statement in the entire book. In this statement, the instinctive repulsion we feel at the thought of a son murdering his father is being naturalized. The very brotherhood after which the book is named is called into question. After all, if Fyodor Pavlovich wasn’t a father to his three sons, is the entire family delegitimized? In a book centered on the the relationship between a father and his three sons and the communication between them, the idea that the murder of this father is no more damnable than the murder of some ordinary peasant is startling. As the reader reads this statement, he feels as though the entire world of The Brothers Karamazov has been deconstructed, that one of the central pieces of information that we believed in—namely, that this book is as much about familial affairs as it is about murder—is being called into question. If Fyodor Pavlovich wasn’t ever a father to his sons and needn’t be treated otherwise, what makes this book different from any other murder mystery? Here again, Dostoevsky strategically uses this question—saving it to the last part of the book when the fatherhood of Fyodor hadn’t been called into question the previous 700 pages—to captivate our attention, pointing us to the significance of the question. It is signific ant exactly because, if we strip Fyodor Pavlovich of his fatherhood, it changes the entire lens through which we see all fathers; namely, that fathers are no longer on an intrinsically higher standing than their children, but rather must earn their respect and love. Based on this first hypothesis, the chain reaction sure to follow is catastrophic; children will no longer view themselves as subservient to their fathers but as judges over their them, capable of determining their fate and, if Fetykovich is to be believed, somewhat justified in punishing them if the evaluation should be negative. Fetyokovich himself claims: â€Å"‘Fathers, provoke not your children!’ Let us first fulfill Christ’s commandment ourselves, and only then let us expect the same of our children. Otherwise we are not fathers but enemies of our children, and they are not our children but our enemies, and we ourselves have made them our enemies!† (744). The relationship between father a nd son will be defined by hostility, not merely ambivalence. As Ivan said, â€Å"If there is no God, anything is permissible†. Once the first hypothesis is proven, an entire belief system collapses. Here is a very real instance of the same logic used by Ivan; that if there is no father, anything is permissible. It is worth noting, also, that this hostility between father and son is in fact a Biblical concept—but only in the context of the heavenly kingdom and eternal punishment. Speaking of the judgement to come, Jesus says: â€Å"For from now on in one house there will be five divided, three against two and two against three. 53They will be divided, father against son and son against father, mother against daughter and daughter against mother, mother-in-law against her daughter-in-law and daughter-in-law against mother-in-law.† (Luke 12:52-53). Biblically, it is only in a world with God that there will be real division between father and son, not the other way around. There is another question raised by the defense attorney that we must address. This problem is best illustrated by the life of Smerdyakov; as we know, Smerdyakov was long rumored and believed to be the illegitimate son of Fyodor Pavlovich and â€Å"Stinking Lizaveta†, a town beggar woman. The very details of Smerdyakov’s birth disgust the reader: Fyodor Pavlovich was one night seen around Lizaveta, Lizaveta is soon thereafter impregnated, and a child is born in the garden outside of the Karamazov’s house. In such a situation, when the father is nowhere to be seen at the birth of the child, what do we define to be the moment of fatherhood? Where is the love for the child at the moment of conception? The defense attorney Fetyokovich puts it the most poignantly: â€Å"The young man involuntarily begins thinking: ‘But did he love me when he was begetting me,’ he asks, wondering more and more. ‘Did he beget me for my own sake? He did not know me, n ot even my sex at that moment, the moment of passion, probably heated up with wine, and probably all he did for me was pass on to me an inclination to drink’† (745). Here is another moment when we are forced â€Å"involuntarily† to stare look stone-faced at the reality of fatherhood; that it is born out of passion. We’re forced to face the possibility that we, â€Å"innocent† children, may have been born out of impurity, sensuality, merely an unexpected causality of such sensuality, all from two people who we can’t even choose. This begs the question: how can a child be born innocent if he’s born out of such passion, even drunkenness? The incarnate Christ, born of the virgin, is the only man who is exempt from this natural bent towards debauchery in us all. Knowing the innate guilt in all men, even newborn children, it was essential to Christ’s mission that he be born free of passion and sensuality, requiring that he instead be born of the Holy Spirit and the virgin. By the Biblical narrative, then, it would seem probable that children aren’t quite as innocent as Ivan is making them out to be. Dostoevsky has now thoroughly bewildered the reader at this point; he has presented convincing evidence for the inherent innocence of children through the words of Ivan and Illyusha’s story, yet he is now giving a seemingly irrefutable argument against the innocence of children. This is, once again, consistent with an overarching pattern of this novel; that the dichotomy between the father and the son has profound implications for any belief system, and that we cannot be allowed to plod through this novel without recognizing and examining these implications. Finally, to conclude his speech, Fetyukovich generalizes the entire defense, developing a simple method by which we can determine the legitimacy of a father. He says this: â€Å"How decide it, then? Here is how: let the son stand before his father and ask him reasonably: ‘Father, tell me, why should I love you? Father, prove to me that I should love you’—and if the father can, if he is able to answer a nd him him proof, then we have a real, normal, family, established not just on mystical prejudice, but on reasonable, self-accountable, and strictly human foundations. In the opposite case, if the father can give no proof—the family is finished then and there: he is not a father to his son, and the son is free and has right henceforth to look upon his father as a stranger and even as his enemy.† (745). As has been mentioned before, this novel by Fyodor Dostoevsky is chiefly concerned with the communication of the characters; the communication between brothers, between father and son, between man and woman, and between man and God. Communication, as we see in the novel, is inherently messy and broken, leading to excessive anger, strife, and in this case eventually murder. Nevertheless, Dostoevsky is still not in the business of giving his readers lessons to live by. We do not gain any insight into how to relate to our fathers by reading this novel. Fetyukovich’s c onclusions are an oversimplification, and to believe in them as the central message of the book is to reject the familial bond that undergirds the entire book and (literally) binds it front and book. Still, the book does have practical value; but through a kind of screen; we can see that there is objective right and wrong in the behavior of the family, a good and a bad, but it is never openly stated and is primarily seen through the messiness of the family affairs. The ideals are set from the beginning of the book and all play out consistently; Alyosha’s belief system is not separated from his communication, and Ivan and Mitya are also consistent with theirs. Some of the essential questions that pop up in the novel—on everyone being guilty for everyone, on everything being permissible without God, and on the inherent innocence of children—are all littered throughout the novel, making it impossible for the reader not to continually stumble over them as they read. These are the questions that we face every day in our own communication but are unwilling to acknowledge. Here, Dostoevsky has so cleverly juxtaposed and contrasted the belief systems, presenting some first and withholding others until the opportune moment, that the reader can’t simply pass over them absent-mindedly. If, on the other hand, we think we’re given an idea we can hold onto and believe in (such as Ivan’s belief on the inherent innocence of children), Dostoevsky is sure to eventually slap it out of our hands. Dostoevsky would not, and did not, provide the reader with the clean conclusion to the dilemma that Fetykovich provides. Still, when we are done with Dostoevsky and if we don’t believe in Fetykovich’s conclusion, the next most logical question is this: what do we actually believe about the novel? The reader believes in the power of family. The family is more than just our â€Å"tribe†, or the environment in which we are raised; it’s our uncensored versions, the space where we’re faced with more questions that cut to the core of our humanity than any ordinary friendship provides. As this novel shows, the questions of man’s innate sin (vs. sin from example), of our responsibility for sin, and of our obligation to love each other are all seen most clearly in the family setting, whatever the overall consensus might be. Our worldview comes to a head in the that context; we can be anything we want away from family, but it all gets called out and amplified inside the family. The family is its own sphere with its own language and dynamic, and the members of the family are independent human beings with completely separate identities being, at the same time, invariably similar in a mysterious way. Family is the most important tie in this novel, and the apparent incoherence yet depth of the novel inescapably parallels the incoherence and depth of family. This novel is not a murder mystery, but it is still a mystery. The mystery of the family, the great drama of human interaction, bubbles to the top of the book, captivating the imagination of the reader and drown ing out all other mysteries in our minds. Works Cited Fyodor, Dostoevsky. The Brothers Karamazov. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1990. Print.

The Definition, History, and Impact of Redlining

Redlining, a process by which banks and other institutions refuse to offer mortgages or offer worse rates to customers in certain neighborhoods based on their racial and ethnic composition, is one of the clearest examples of institutionalized racism in the history of the United States. Although the practice was formally outlawed in 1968 with the passage of the Fair Housing Act, it continues in various forms to this day. History of Housing Discrimination Fifty years after the abolition of slavery, local governments continued to legally enforce housing segregation through exclusionary zoning laws, city ordinances which prohibited the sale of property to Black people. In 1917, when the Supreme Court ruled these zoning laws unconstitutional, homeowners swiftly replaced them with racially restrictive covenants, agreements between property owners which banned the sale of homes in a neighborhood to certain racial groups. By the time the Supreme Court found racially restrictive covenants themselves unconstitutional in 1947, the practice was so widespread that these agreements were difficult to invalidate and almost impossible to reverse. According to a magazine article, 80% of neighborhoods in Chicago and Los Angeles carried racially restrictive covenants by 1940. The Federal Government Begins Redlining The federal government was not involved in housing until 1934 when the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) was created as part of the New Deal. The FHA sought to restore the housing market after the Great Depression by incentivizing homeownership and introducing the mortgage lending system we still use today. Instead of creating policies to make housing more equitable, the FHA did the opposite. It took advantage of racially restrictive covenants and insisted that the properties they insured use them. Along with the Home Owner’s Loan Coalition (HOLC), a federally-funded program created to help homeowners refinance their mortgages, the FHA introduced redlining policies in over 200 American cities. Beginning in 1934, the HOLC included in the FHA Underwriting Handbook â€Å"residential security maps† used to help the government decide which neighborhoods would make secure investments and which should be off-limits for issuing mortgages. The maps were color-coded according to these guidelines: Green (â€Å"Best†): Green areas represented in-demand, up-and-coming neighborhoods where â€Å"professional men† lived. These neighborhoods were explicitly homogenous, lacking â€Å"a single foreigner or Negro.†Blue (â€Å"Still Desirable†): These neighborhoods had â€Å"reached their peak† but were thought to be stable due to their low risk of â€Å"infiltration† by non-white groups.Yellow (â€Å"Definitely Declining†): Most yellow areas bordered black neighborhoods. They were considered risky due to the â€Å"threat of infiltration of foreign-born, negro, or lower grade populations.†Red (â€Å"Hazardous†): Red areas were neighborhoods where â€Å"infiltration† had already occurred. These neighborhoods, almost all of them populated by Black residents, were described by the HOLC as having an â€Å"undesirable population† and were ineligible for FHA backing. These maps would help the government decide which properties were eligible for FHA backing. Green and blue neighborhoods, which usually had majority-white populations, were considered good investments. It was easy to get a loan in these areas. Yellow neighborhoods were considered â€Å"risky† and red areas (those with the highest percentage of Black residents) were ineligible for FHA backing. The End of Redlining The Fair Housing Act of 1968, which explicitly prohibited racial discrimination, put an end to legally-sanctioned redlining policies like those used by the FHA. However, like racially restrictive covenants, redlining policies were difficult to stamp out and have continued even in recent years. A 2008 paper, for example, found denial rates for loans to Black people in Mississippi to be disproportionate compared to any racial discrepancy in credit score history. In 2010, an investigation by the United States Justice Department found that the financial institution Wells Fargo had used similar policies to restrict loans to certain racial groups. The investigation began after a New York Times article exposed the company’s own racially-biased lending practices. The Times reported that loan officers had referred to their Black customers as â€Å"mud people† and to the subprime loans they pushed on them â€Å"ghetto loans.† Redlining policies are not limited to mortgage lending, however. Other industries also use race as a factor in their decision-making policies, usually in ways that ultimately hurt minorities. Some grocery stores, for example, have been shown to raise prices of certain products in stores located in primarily Black and Latino neighborhoods. Impact The impact of redlining goes beyond the individual families who were denied loans based on the racial composition of their neighborhoods. Many neighborhoods that were labeled â€Å"Yellow† or â€Å"Red† by the HOLC back in the 1930s are still underdeveloped and underserved compared to nearby â€Å"Green† and â€Å"Blue† neighborhoods with largely white populations. Blocks in these neighborhoods tend to be empty or lined with vacant buildings. They often lack basic services, like banking or healthcare, and have fewer job opportunities and transportation options. The government may have put an end to the redlining policies that it created in the 1930s, but as of 2018, it has yet to offer adequate resources to help neighborhoods recover from the damage that these policies inflicted. Sources Coates, Ta-Nehisi. â€Å"The Case for Reparations.†Ã‚  The Atlantic, Atlantic Media Company, 17 Aug. 2017, www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/06/the-case-for-reparations/361631/.â€Å"1934: Federal Housing Administration Created.†Ã‚  Fair Housing Center of Greater Boston, www.bostonfairhousing.org/timeline/1934-FHA.htmlâ€Å"The Legacy of Redlining in Rust Belt Cities.†Ã‚  Belt Magazine, beltmag.com/the-legacy-of-redlining-in-rust-belt-cities/.Redlining (1937- ) | The Black Past: Remembered and Reclaimed, www.blackpast.org/aah/redlining-1937.â€Å"Understanding Fair Housing,† U.S. Commission on Civil Rights Clearinghouse Publication 42, February 1973. Electronically accessed,  http://www.law.umaryland.edu/marshall/usccr/documents/cr11042.pdfLab, Digital Scholarship. â€Å"Mapping Inequality.†Ã‚  Digital Scholarship Lab, dsl.richmond.edu/panorama/redlining/.

Thanatopsis by William Cullen Bryant Essay - 1222 Words

Thanatopsis by William Cullen Bryant The poem, Thanatopsis, written by William Cullen Bryant, is a wonderful literary work which explores the often controversial questions of death. William Cullen Bryant wrote Thanatopsis when he was seventeen years of age. Thanatopsis was written in blank verse. Within his well written lines Bryant attempts to show the relationship between deaths eternal questions and the ongoing cycle of nature and life. Upon concluding the poem many readers are able to reaffirm their faith of an afterlife, while others are left aimlessly pondering this strange possibility.He uses strong words to describe the feelings and visions one sees when they are in their last hours and even†¦show more content†¦By using this strange metaphor Bryant wishes to suggest his faith in an afterlife. While examining the differences and similarities of death and sleep the reader is left with some very thought provoking questions. The answers to these questions reassure some readers while confusing others. Sleep is a time of rest. It allows preparation for the next day or event, and by relating this definition to death Bryant gives new insight on ones fate after earthly existence. When thoughts of the last bitter hour come like a blight over thy spirit, and sad images of the stern agony, and shroud, and pall, and breathless darkness, and the narrow house, make thee to shudder, and grow sick at heart- Go under the open sky, and list to Natures teachings, while from all around- Earth and her waters, and the depths of air- comes a still voice. Bryant is taking what can be considered the stereotype of what death and dying feels like and putting it in some strong words. He continues to say, as he does in the rest of the poem, that ones eternal resting place could never have been thought of as such a wonderful place that one could love so much. In a way he describes it to be a huge couch which when you lay down upon it you just melt in and never feel like getting up, by saying nor couldst thou wish couch moreShow MoreRelatedEssay on Thanatopsis by William Cullen Bryant842 Words   |  4 Pages The poem â€Å"Thanatopsis† by William Cullen Bryant reveals a very unusual aspect of nature. While most people think of nature as beauty and full of life, Bryant takes a more interesting approach to nature. He exposes a correlation between nature, life, death, and re-birth. Using nature as a foothold, Bryant exercises methods such as tone, setting, and imagery in a very intriguing way while writing â€Å"Thanatopsis.† First, tone is a very important aspect of the poem â€Å"Thanatopsis.† While reading the poemRead MoreDeath in Thanatopsis by William Cullen Bryant Essay447 Words   |  2 PagesDeath in Thanatopsis by William Cullen Bryant When people ponder death they wonder about the unknown with trepidation. As a young man, William Cullen Bryant wrote the Thanatopsis. His thoughts progress from the fear of death to the acceptance of the event. People should not fear death because everyone dies and becomes a part of nature. A person should live life without fearing death and think of death as a pleasant rest. In the poem Bryant says, When thoughts/Of the last bitter hourRead MoreThe Language Of Nature In Thanatopsis By William Cullen Bryant712 Words   |  3 PagesIn his literary piece, â€Å"Thanatopsis†, William Cullen Bryant introduces his logic on why we should see the favorable circumstances within nature. He speculates his reasoning that there is an innate capacity to brighten up all of the sinister thoughts that frequently occur in our brain and consciousness. He elaborates that we shouldn’t take the time to endure the way of perturbing ourselves in relation to death, because death is unavoidable and imminent. Alternatively, we ought to take that time toRead MoreAnalysis of the Imagery Used in William Cullen Bryants To a Waterfowl650 Words   |  3 Pagespoem To a Waterfowl, William Cullen Bryant uses spiritual imagery and diction. However, the waterfowl the poet describes is not just a metaphor for spiritual life. Instead, Bryant uses the imagery of the waterfowl to show that nature is an extension or expression of Gods power on earth. Bryants spiritual beliefs are also reflected in his poem Thanatopsis. In Thanatopsis, uses even more overtly religious symbolism, diction, an imagery. Both To a Waterfowl and Thanatopsis underscore the importanceRead MoreWilliam Cullen Bryant And Transcendentalism833 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"William Cullen Bryant is the author of Thanatopsis. Bryant was born in Cumington, Massachusetts, and began writing poetry before he was nine years old. Bryant’s family is Puritan family, when he was a child, he was often ill, and his father asked him to walk in the forest to strengthen his constitution, which gave him a keen interest in nature. Bryants position combines the impulses of the British romantic school and his own New England conservatism. His life gradually moved away from the CalvinismRead MoreA Comforting View of Death in William Cullen Bryant’s Thanatopsis640 Words   |  3 PagesChuck Palahniuk once said, â€Å"The first step to eternal life, is you have to die.† In William Cullen Bryant’s poem â€Å"Thanatopsis†, he does not mention eternal life or anything religious, but speaks about death. He tells his readers that death is a natural thing and they should not worry about it. William Cullen Bryant, in his poem â€Å"Thanatopsis†, portrays a comforting view of death. Throughout the poem, Bryant encourages his readers by explaining that in death they are not alone, that death, like lifeRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher1651 Words   |  7 PagesMason Eggers Mrs. Szwajkowski Junior English 200 24 March 2016 Romanticism/Transcendentalism Essay Edgar Allen Poe’s â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher,† Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil,† and William Cullen Bryant’s â€Å"Thanatopsis† illustrate several Romantic and Transcendentalist (and anti-Transcendentalist) traits. All of these authors are regarded as very important and influential Romantic writers. Their works are renowned all across the entire world. â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher†Read MoreAnalysis Of Rip Van Winkle And The Legend Of Sleepy Hollow By Washington Irving1380 Words   |  6 PagesRomanticism is a time period that many authors began to emerge in. These authors wrote about their strong feelings, and that nature is more important than city life. [Preview] In the pieces â€Å"Rip Van Winkle† by Washington Irving, â€Å"Thanatopsis† by William Cullen Bryant, and â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow† by Washington Irving all show strong relations to the traits of Romantic writing. These characteristics include strong imagination, strong feelings, inspiration from folklore and myths, and the divineRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Freedom Of Speech1325 Words   |  6 Pagesoutspoken that they founded a nation on the freedom to believe whatever you want to believe. Most Americans still exhibit this characteristic today. As shown in Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God by the Reverend Jonathan Edwards, â€Å"Thanatopsis† by William Cullen Bryant, and What is an American? by J. Hector St. John Crevecoeur, Americans are not afraid to share their ideas, no matter what they are.   Ã‚  Ã‚   As an American, Jonathan Edwards felt as though he had the right to express his thoughts when heRead MoreAnalysis Of William Cullen Bryants Thanatopsis979 Words   |  4 Pagesnothing at all. This is true for writers, poets and artists. William Cullen Bryant’s â€Å"Thanatopsis†, Kansas’ â€Å"Dust in the Wind† and Blue Oyster Cult’s â€Å"Don’t Fear the Reaper† they all center their idea death, but approach it differently and conveys their points differently. One glorifies death, one says life is meaningless and the other glorifies life. These three poems center around death, but have very different points in each one. In â€Å"Thanatopsis†, it glorifies death in such a way, convincing the readers

Impact of Financial Stability

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Financial Stabilityon the Sustainability of Hospitality Industry. Answer: Introduction In this chapter of the literature review various research works reacted with the topic had been analyzed. These research works helped to gain ample knowledge about the topic. The concept of financial stability and sustainability had been discussed in this chapter as well. Different theories such as four capital theory and natural capitalism theory had been analyzed in this section as well. It had been found that there are various strategies that can help a company to achieve financial stability. The importance of sustainability in hospitality industry had been analyzed in this chapter as well. Previous research work Houdr (2008) had developed a research work to analyze sustainable development in the hotel industry. From this research work, it had been found that sustainable development is a holistic concept that was developed on simple concept. It had been found that outline of sustainable development in hospitality industry was first provided in the Brundtland report, published in the year of 1987. The concept of sustainability is the development of an organization that can fulfill the requirements of the present without hampering the ability of future generation. This research work explained how the concept of sustainability can be applied in the corporate world. It was indicated as triple bottom line approach. This strategy can help a company to maintain its focus on operations profitability. It also includes profitability and people as a significant part of this strategy. Goldstein et al. (2012) had developed a research work to find out current opportunities and trends in hotel sustainability. It had been found from this research study that, in past several decades, awareness among hoteliers and investors were developed regarding environmental, economic and social impact on sustainability on hotel industry. It had been analyzed that, these factors are driven by different factors. It includes operators and owners desire to reduce operational costs. In addition, the emergence of corporate social responsibility program had indicated the change of investors attitude toward sustainability. It had been found that realization of bottom line financial return is considered as the strongest motivating factor that can encourage private sector privatization. Bjornefors and Kjellsson (2014) had developed a research work related with hospitality and sustainability. In this research work, a comparison and case study had been developed to find out sustainability work in the Gothenburg area. It had been found that in the tourism industry, sustainability has become an important. Over the last decade, there was an increment in the consciousness of the sustainability issues among investors and hoteliers had been found. It had been found from this report that hospitality and tourism industry was the largest service industry in Gothenburg. Aim of this research work is to indicate how five hotels in this area deal with sustainability issues. Their sustainability operations were compared with each other and as well as with global hospitality sector. From the outcome of this research work, it had been found that sustainability strategies used by these companies are similar to each other. They are also similar to the sustainability strategies used by Global hotels. However, there were some differences of sustainability strategies can be found due to the difference of experiences. It had been found from this research work that the difference between these five hotels and global hotels is related with the utilization of eco-labels. The limitation of this study is that, the findings were gathered from a smaller group of hotels. Hence, this research work was not able to reflect how all the hotels in the Gothenburg area had adopted sustainability efforts. Another research work was developed by Roth and Fishbin (2015) to find out the insight of global hospitality industry. It had been mentioned in this research work that global investment in hotel industry continues to increase at a steady rate. It had been expected that leisure transition and global hospitality expenditure would increase 8% year over year. From 2013 to 2014, the cross-border investment in US was increased approximately by 135%. Investors from various countries such as Japan, China, Canada and Middle East region had selected US hotels to make large amount of investment. However, economic growth is lower in European countries compare to US. Despite of the slow economic growth, Europe had witnessed a rejuvenated hospitality industry. Investors had shown significant confidence in the hotels of London. During the year of 2014, Hospitality investment in Germany increased up to US$ 1.9 billion. It had caused 100% increment in the transaction volume compare to the sales figure of 2013. It had been found that low level of interest rate and high level of debt liquidity had increased financial stability of the hospitality industry. It had fueled the level of investment in the hospitality sector. On the other hand African hotels had faced issues related with investment in construction and lower rate of occupancy. It had decreased the foreign capital investment in the hospitality sector. On the other hand, in Asia-pacific region the level of investment decreased from US$ 6.4 billion from the first half of 2013 to US$ 3.3 billion. The concept of financial stability and sustainability Bruns-Smith et al. (2015) stated that financial stability is the term used to define the state of financial health of a company for two or more than two years. Castro (2016) mentioned that financial stability of an organization can indicate the standard of performance and level of efficiency during a specific period of time. Achieving economic stability is very important for organizations as it can enhance the business scope of an organization. Matthew et al. (2016) supported by mention that if an organization is financially stable, then it can invest higher amount of fund in business development projects. Bjornefors and Kjellsson (2014) had provided an example of Standard Chartered Bank, as it is considered as a stable organization in UK. For this reason, the company is also able to invest huge amount of funds to expand its business in other countries. Hence, it can be stated that it is important for companies to become financially stable. On the contrary, Jones et al. (2016) stated that sustainability refers to a specific situation, in which all the needs of a company are met without compromising any vital requirement of the future. Rodrguez Bolvar et al. (2016) mentioned that sustainability can be defined as the assurance related to secure future of a business organization. In the present competitive business scenario, achieving sustainability has become one of the major objectives for any organization. Mayo et al. (2015) opined that, in terms of ecology, sustainability can be defined as the property of biological system that remains diverse and productive for indefinite time. It can also be defined in terms of socio- ecological process. Castro (2016) mentiond that, in terms of socio-ecology sustainability can be defined as the endurance of processes and systems. It had been found that, there are four interconnected domains are related with sustainable development. They are such as culture, ecology, economics and pol itics. Jones et al. (2016) stated that, while a company tries to move towards sustainability, it has to various challenges. These challenges include national and international law, transport and urban planning, ethical consumerism and individual lifestyles. Palich and Reed (2016) mentioned that sustainability has to be viewed as the target of the humanity so that equilibrium of the ecosystem can be maintained. While sustainable development indicates the holistic approach and temporal method that can lead to the end point of sustainability. Melissen et al. (2016) stated that, in order to pursuit unlimited economic growth or financial stability, a company has to take care of some specific issues. These issues are such as climate change, environmental degradation and overconsumption. Analyzing the theories of sustainability Shkurkin et al. (2016) mentioned that, there are mainly two theories of sustainability. They are such as four capital theory and natural capitalism theory. In accordance to the four capital theory, in order to achieve overall sustainability, a company requires to achieve sustainability in four major areas. They are such as social sustainability, environmental sustainability, economic stability and manufacturing sustainability. Xu and Gursoy (2015) stated that social sustainability can be defined as the stability of human capital within an organization. This theory suggested that a company can achieve social responsibility by utilizing and recruiting skilled and experienced workforce. According to Melissen (2016), developing team bonding, establishing social networks and developing good relationship with employees can also enhance it. Shkurkin et al. (2016) mentioned that financial stability can be achieved with the help of appropriate budgeting, enhancing cash flow and controlling co st level. A company can achieve environmental sustainability by utilizing resources. Melissen (2016) stated that manufacturing sustainability can be achieved by an organization by developing appropriate infrastructure of business. According to Raguseo and Vitari (2017), Naturalism theory includes various approaches like Radical resource productivity, Biomimicry, Services and flow economy and Investing in natural capital. From the first approach it had been analyzed that a company has to utilize resources in such a way that It can reduce any kind of pollution and damage occur to the natural environment and resource (Raguseo and Vitari 2017). On the contrary, Jones et al. (2016) stated that the second approach is about implementation of reuse strategies in a business entity. It can help a company to avoid resource crisis. Raguseo and Vitari (2017) also mentioned that the third approach is about maintaining smooth flow of service in the economy to maintain the level of consumption. On the other hand, last approach of this theory suggested that restoring natural resources can maintain sustainability of a company (Jones et al. 2016). Strategies to achieve financial stability in an organization Tsaur et al. (2016) mentioned that financial stability is a very significant aspect for every company. The management of the company applies various strategies in order to gain stable financial condition. There are mentioned below: Maintaining cost level Castro (2016) stated that cost control is also known as cost containment or cost management. It has the common objective to enhance cost-efficiency by making reduction of cost or restricting the growth rate of cost. There is various cost control methods used in business such as supervising different divisions of business, controlling product lines within company operation. According to Gmez?Bezares et al. (2017), a company must have strong control over its cost levels. In addition, companies must try to minimize its level of cost as much as possible. This can actually help a company to keep the expense level under control. Ultimately it can help a company to achieve financial stability. Baum et al. (2016) mentioned that during 1990s cost reduction initiatives receive high amount of attention from the corporate. It often take form of divestment, corporate restructuring, mass layoffs and outsourcing. All these strategies can help a company to gain competitive advantage in the market. Maintaining positive flow of cash Castro (2016) stated that, in order to gain financial sustainability, a company has to maintain positive cash flow. For this reason, management of a company has to be aware of the expenses. They also have to encourage sales and productions. If the sales of a company can be enhanced by remaining the expenses same, then positive cash flow can be maintained. There are various ways in which flow of cash can be maintained. For instance, if a company wants to make payment to its clients within 30 days, then the terms with the vendor has to be similar. It will help the company to take advantage of the 30 days grace period to maintain positive cash flow. Castro (2016) stated that, a company can offer incentives for prompt payment. It will help to create urgency among customers to pay bills as fast as possible. In addition, Baum et al. (2016) mentioned that, if a company is performing well financially, then the company should develop business line of credit with a bank. Rodrguez Bolvar et al. (2016) mentioned that it will provide a safety for the future and help a company to gain an extended line of credit. The company also has to monitor the level of inventory turnover to make sure that product is constantly moved out of the store. If it does not happen, then the management team has to provide discount on products to move them out of the door. Baum et al. (2016) mentioned that, it will help the company to enter higher profiting items in market. Preparing appropriate budget While preparing the budget, a company has to make sure that all the possible situations are considered in appropriate manner. Raguseo and Vitari (2017) stated that, while developing budget, the management team has to gather all information regarding services, products and income of the organization. There are some specific stages in which budget can be developed in appropriate manner. They are mentioned below: Update the business assumptions Review the bottlenecks Review the available funding Step costing points Create budget package Obtain the revenue forecast Issue the budget package Obtain the department budgets Obtain capital budget requests Modify the budget model Review the company budget Process budget iterations Issue the budget Load the budget Over view of hospitality industry in Saudi Arabia Hospitality sector of Saudi Arabia has gained importance in the global market. Rodrguez Bolvar et al. (2016) argued that Saudi Arabia economies have been heavily reliant on oil industry. However, this region has witnessed various changes of economy in the past few years as the government started to focus on non-oil sector (Aljaziracapital 2017). Tourism has been identified as the primary driver of the hospitality industry. According to Mueller and Jungwirth (2016), as of 2011, accommodation sector grabbed the largest portion of tourist spending. It had been found that while in other regions 458, 045 rooms are accommodated till the end of 2013 (Aljaziracapital 2017). Saudi Arabia had the largest amount share in it (63.6%). Within the time of 2006 to 2013, highest number of hotel rooms developed in Saudi Arabia (95, 627) (Aljaziracapital 2017). Jones et al. (2016) mentioned that hospitality industry of Saudi Arabia is mainly centered on the holy cities of Makkah and Madinah. These two holy places are situated at the western part of the kingdom. It has been analyzed that hospitality industry of both these cities are related with pilgrims perform Umrah or Hajj in Makkah and after that travel to Madinah in order to visit Mosque of the Prophet named as Al Masjid (Aljaziracapital 2017). According to Rodrguez Bolvar et al. (2016), every year the number of tourists is increased in both these cities. It has been found that during the month of Ramdan, tourist arrival increase in this region (Mostly September and October) (Aljaziracapital 2017). Raguseo and Vitari (2017) stated that visiting Hajj is a propitious, mandatory and once in a lifetime opportunity for Muslim. In the point of view of Jones et al. (2016), Saudi Arabia has witnessed this surge since 2012 (Aljaziracapital 2017). It had increased the total number of tourist visits at a CAGR of 5.0% to 3.2 million (Aljaziracapital 2017). However, during 2013 and 2014, the number pilgrims fell approximately 2.1 million due to visa restriction (Aljaziracapital 2017). Sez-Martnez et al. (2016) stated that Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) virus is also another significant reason for this restriction. Raguseo and Vitari (2017) stated that hospitality industry In Makkah can be categorized in two parts. They are such as high quality luxury hotels and unfurnished and unbranded hotels. It has been found that during the year of 2014, there are 107, 230 hotel rooms can be found in Makkah (Aljaziracapital 2017). Among them 13% rooms were five star, 11% rooms were four star and 19% rooms were three star (Aljaziracapital 2017). 37% of these hotel rooms are unbranded. It has been found that majority of these luxurious rooms are located near the Masjid of Al Haram (Aljaziracapital 2017). Both these cities have significant opportunity of growth in future. However, they have to maintain their financial stability and improve sustainability for this purpose. It is estimated by Jones et al. (2016), that Makkah will receive around 17 million pilgrims per annum by the year of 2025. Importance of sustainability in hospitality industry Raguseo and Vitari (2017) stated that over that last decade hotels have turned their focus to improve sustainability in the hospitality industry as it is related with business operation and hotel development. It also includes other important factors like social impact, economic impact, and environmental impact. Shkurkin et al. (2016) mentioned that sustainability is one of the major issues that hospitality industry is facing recently. It had been found that hospitality industry had a dramatic environmental impact with the help of water and energy consumption. Raguseo and Vitari (2017) stated that the management of hotels have increased to control their effort on the use of durable and consumable goods and restricted the creation of hazardous waste. In terms of economic stability, Jones et al. (2016) had stated that green operation is more expensive and the customers and guests are not much interested in sustainability. However Jones et al. (2016) argued that, this opinion is not appropriate in every case. Recent advancement of technology related with different renewable energy sources had made green operation easier for the hospitality industry. Raguseo and Vitari (2017) stated that, use of alternative energy sources had enhanced both economic and environmental sustainability. Shkurkin et al. (2016) stated that, in social context, there is remarkable shift had been observed in hospitality industry. Along with corporate social responsibility programs and green building projects, hospitality industry also provides educational programs. Jones et al. (2016) mentioned that, it helps to develop critical thinking about various sustainability issues and challenges faced by the hospitality industry. There are some specific strategies have been identified by hoteliers that can enhance guest experience and sustainability. All these strategies are mentioned below: Cost saving strategy According to Jones et al. (2016), cost saving is always considered as divining factor in economic sustainability. Hoteliers can gain compelling incentive by reducing its operating costs. Raguseo and Vitari (2017) stated that, by adopting new environmental technologies and enhanced operational procedures, efficiency strategies and cost reduction methods can be achieved. Many hotels have implemented different strategies to reduce and recycle wastes. Jones et al. (2016) stated that, there are various other areas that a hotel can improve to achieve sustainability. They are such as staff tanning programs, indoor environmental quality and sustainable procurement. Getting economic incentives Jones et al. (2016) stated that government of different organizations has enacted various economic incentives in order to support the development of environmental sustainability and development of green building. It includes various benefits such as tax concessions, discounts on insurance premium, financial grants and getting regulatory permits. Regulatory affairs Castro (2016) stated that all the existing environmental laws targeted towards hospitality industry is significantly focused on different operations. They are like handling of hazardous materials, storm-water management and environmental safety and health. However, it had been found that there is a huge range of future and existing legislative activities that have significant impact on a hotels method of construction, approaches of operation and design of hotel. Customer experience Jones et al. (2016) mentioned that, in the era of modern technology many hotel owners have understand the necessity of investing on environmental technologies. They came to understand that technological adaptation has significant impact on the customers experience as well. Raguseo and Vitari (2017) stated that there are various aspects of hotel that can leave an impression on customers. They are such as furnishing, lighting, front of house products and cleaners. All these aspects can increase occupancy rate of a company. Corporate brand image According to Castro (2016), development of sustainable corporate culture, can provide a specific level of advantage to hotel in terms of hiring and retaining talented employees. Every hotel must develop a management team to focus on transforming business by making practical application of sustainability. From a survey analysis it had been found that more than half of the American workers proffered to work for green hotels (Raguseo and Vitari 2017). It is specifically applicable for female and younger employees. Castro (2016) stated that, they always try to look beyond profitability and try to provide benefit to a larger community. It had been analyzed that these employees prefer to work for companies in which they feel that they can make differences. Conceptual framework Figure 1: conceptual framework (Source: created by author) Summary In this research work, various previous research works related with financial stability and sustainability had been analyzed in terms of hospitality industry. Various concepts and theirs related with financial stability and sustainability had been discussed in this chapter as well. As the aim of this research work is to find out the relationship between financial stability and sustainability in context of Saudi Arabia hotel industry, it had been found that financial stability can be achieved through maintaining cost level, maintaining positive flow of cash and by preparing an appropriate budget plan. It has been analysed that financial stability is major part of sustainability of an organization. In order to become more sustainable, a hotel has to develop a cost saving strategy and getting economic incentives. It also has to improve regulatory affairs and customer experience. All these aspects can help hotel of Saudi Arabia to achieve both financial stability and sustainability. Thus , it can be stated in terms of hospitality industry that both financial stability and sustainability are related with each other. References Aljaziracapital, 2017. Saudi Hospitality Sector Report [online] Available at: https://www.aljaziracapital.com.sa/report_file/ess/SEC-196.pdf [Accessed 3 Feb. 2017]. Baum, T., Cheung, C., Kong, H., Kralj, A., Mooney, S., Nguy?n Th? Thanh, H., Ramachandran, S., Dropuli? RuÃ… ¾i?, M. and Siow, M.L., 2016. Sustainability and the tourism and hospitality workforce: a thematic analysis.Sustainability,8(8), p.809. Bruns-Smith, A., Choy, V., Chong, H. and Verma, R., 2015. Environmental Sustainability in the Hospitality Industry: Best Practices, Guest Participation, and Customer Satisfaction.. Castro, C., 2016. The Impact of the Great Recession and Eurozone debt crises on Portuguese Tourism.European Journal of Applied Business and Management,2(1). Gmez?Bezares, F., Przychodzen, W. and Przychodzen, J., 2017. Bridging the gap: How sustainable development can help companies create shareholder value and improve financial performance.Business Ethics: A European Review,26(1), pp.1-17. Jones, P., Hillier, D. and Comfort, D., 2016. Sustainability in the hospitality industry: Some personal reflections on corporate challenges and research agendas.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,28(1), pp.36-67. Matthew, D.A.A., Fada, A. and Ukonu, I.C., 2016. Role Of Financial Ratio Analysis In Assessing Business Performance In The Hospitality And Tourism Operations.Development,4(4). Mayo, E.J., Jarvis, L.P. and Lane, P.A., 2015. How Fast Can a Service Firm Grow?. InProceedings of the 1988 International Conference of Services Marketing(pp. 1-10). Springer International Publishing. Melissen, F., van Ginneken, R. and Wood, R.C., 2016. Sustainability challenges and opportunities arising from the owner-operator split in hotels.International Journal of Hospitality Management,54, pp.35-42. Mueller, E.F. and Jungwirth, C., 2016. What drives the effectiveness of industrial clusters? Exploring the impact of contextual, structural and functioning determinants.Entrepreneurship Regional Development,28(5-6), pp.424-447. Palich, L. and Reed, M., 2016, January. Hotel Belmar: Can an Eco Hotel Be Financially Sustainable?. InUnited States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship. Conference Proceedings(p. FJ1). United States Association for Small Business and Entrepreneurship. Raguseo, E. and Vitari, C., 2017. The Effect of Brand on the Impact of e-WOM on Hotels Financial Performance.International Journal of Electronic Commerce,21(2), pp.249-269. Rodrguez Bolvar, M.P., Navarro Galera, A., Alcaide Muoz, L. and Lpez Subirs, M.D., 2016. Risk factors and drivers of financial sustainability in local government: An empirical study.Local Government Studies,42(1), pp.29-51. Sez-Martnez, F.J., Lefebvre, G., Hernndez, J.J. and Clark, J.H., 2016. Drivers of sustainable cleaner production and sustainable energy options.Journal of Cleaner Production,138, pp.1-7. Shkurkin, D.V., Sogacheva, O.V., Logvencheva, E.S. and Khramova, M.N., 2016. Modernization of the Sphere of Tourist and Hospitality Industry of the South of Russia as a Growth Factor of Socio-economic Stability of the Region.International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues,6(1S), pp.101-106. Tsaur, S.H., Yen, C.H. and Ku, P.S., 2016. An evaluation framework for the sustainable operation of leisure farms.Leisure Studies, pp.1-13. Xu, X. and Gursoy, D., 2015. A conceptual framework of sustainable hospitality supply chain management.Journal of Hospitality Marketing Management,24(3), pp.229-259.

Seven years in Tibet

Introduction The film plays a big role in exploring one’s spirituality. This is mainly because it conveys spiritual transformation that is usually witnessed in religion. Henrich Harrer undergoes spiritual transformation as well as enlightenment in order to set a side his ego and narcissism. The protagonist abandons his pregnant wife for a mountain climbing expedition in Nanga Parbat.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Seven years in Tibet specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, this expedition fails. This is followed by World War II, in which Harrer is imprisoned at India’s POW camp (because he is an alien enemy). However, Harrer escapes to Tibet (Holy city of Lhasa) where he meets the young Dalai Lama who ends up transforming his life. Unfortunately, the Chinese army invades Tibet and kills its peaceful people before signing an agreement that deny them sovereignty. At the end, he returns home a chan ged man after undergoing a life changing experience with Dalai Lama. This reaction paper will describe a segment of the film that was emotionally powerful as well as analyze meaning of the film (Brussat and Ann 1). Emotionally powerful segment and why The most emotional part of this film starts when Harrer agrees to teach Dalai Lama western ways in exchange for lessons in compassion, slowing down as well as humility. This emotional segment is further stirred by the invasion of Tibet by Chinese army that kills peaceful people. Interestingly, little resistance is observed from the peacefully principled Tibetans. These events soften Harrer’s heart as he sympathizes with the Tibetans and their reaction to invasion. Moreover, he starts to long for his unseen son and wife, after abandoning them earlier. This shows a huge transformation in his life. The segment is quite emotional because Harrer was known to be an egocentric man with focus only to himself. However, an interaction wit h the young Dalai Lama transforms him into a loving, sympathetic and caring person. Analysis Harrer abandons his wife and unborn son for egocentric motives to achieve mountain climbing dreams. However, he comes back a changed man with a longing for his wife and son. Moreover, he comes back as a gentle and transformed person. This is quite strange given that such expectations were unimaginable. Clearly, this shows that human heart can be transformed. Moreover, this can transpire in his actions. His ego and pride diminishes after an emotional as well as tragic experience in Tibet. This happens after he fails to achieve his dream of climbing Nanga Parbat of the Himalayas. From this, it can be seen that once a source of pride is taken away, one is denied the outright opportunity to pursue his/her ego. Added to this, Harrer’s imprisonment turns his situation into desperation.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first pape r with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, when peter falls in love with Pema, he becomes lonely and longs for his family. At this state, he finds peace in his young friend Dalai Lama who teaches him the ways of peace, compassion and humility. Besides, he is astonished and sympathetic to the Tibetans who are invaded yet they are peaceful. All these events work to transform him into a peaceful man. Conclusion Harrer is transformed into a gentle, humble and compassionate man after witnessing all the events in Tibet. His relationship with Dalai Lama is also seen to be the turning point of this transformation. However, for this to be achieved, he is first denied the source of his pride and compassion (mountain climbing and friends). It can therefore be seen that egocentric people need to be denied their source of pride to slow them down and transform them into gentle ones (Brussat and Ann 1). Works Cited Brussat, Fredric and Ann, Mary. Spirituality and practice: Seven years in Tibet. 2009. Web. https://www.spiritualityandpractice.com/films/reviews/view/972. This essay on Seven years in Tibet was written and submitted by user Reed O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Elephants essays

Elephants essays This paper is on design and ancestry of elephants. The elephant was created on the fifth day of creation and since then has been able to exist in every one of earths vegetation and climate zones (Groning, 1999). The taming of the elephant was first achieved in the valley of the Indus River, where around 3500 BC the first highly advanced Oriental civilization began to emerge. There is much uncertainty however on whether the first to tame the elephant were settled farmers or forest hunting people (Groning, 1999). At this time these enormous creatures were considered as sacred beings and mystical symbols by many natural religions and cults. The elephant was tamed and trained but never domesticated and even in captivity remained a wild animal (Groning, 1999). The oldest depiction of tame elephants are small seals found during excavations in the Indus River Valley and what today is Pakistan. The seals were found in the ruined city of Mohenjo-Daro and were usually found carved in soft steatite. Evidence that they were tame is found in that they were often drawn by feeding troughs or carrying saddle-blankets (Groning, 1999). The elephant was a well-known creature in the kingdom of the pharaohs, however it was not included in mythology or in every day life. The great pharaoh Thutmose III of 1400 BC hunted the elephant for its ivory. It was later found on an ancient Egyptian hieroglyph that there was a symbol of an elephant named Abu, which was found to be the explanation of the elephants tusk. The Romans derived the word ebur from this, and from the Latin we have the French word ivoire and the English word ivory (Groning, 1999). Elephants probably lived in the forests by the Yellow River during the Bronze Age and seem to have been tamed and used as a work animal during the Shang dynasty. The figure of elephants appears in many relief decorations on early ritual bronzes and also ...

Real Estate Competive Corporate Strategy Research Paper

Real Estate Competive Corporate Strategy - Research Paper Example This gives a more comprehensive analysis of how real estate is getting used organization wide. Successful leading organizations put goals and targets, and measure their performance from these tools to ensure continuous improvements. Workplace Business Intelligence gives the organization an ability to compare progress against the set targets by monitoring vital metrics to remove existing organizational inefficiencies. They get used to compare the performance of different locations within the organization (Peoplecube, 2010). Workplace Business Intelligence is not only a real estate management tool, but a service designed to help recognize and remove inefficiencies in little small organizations to global enterprises. Every Workplace Business Intelligence engagement includes professional services not only to help with the installation of the solution, but to help in analyzing and improving the visualizations for the consumers’ different real estate business intelligence data, and develop new visualization required by every organization (Peoplecube, 2010). Porter’s five forces model theory Real estate is a leading is a leading industry in the United States national economy. Porter’s five model analysis tries to reveal the real estate industry and the reasons behind these phenomena. According to the analysis of the relevant state departments, there should be quick development of property management, a real estate industry that is growth oriented from quantity to quality and the growth and upgrading of consumption structure in order to give a high speed real estate industry development (Childress, 2004). Porter developed a structure and on the competitive environment and introduced the five forces model of competition, that is, the five forces model (Porter, 2000). According to Porter, the five forces determine the attractiveness of an industry. These forces include; threat of those who enter the market, threat of the substitute product, buyers ba rgaining power, suppliers bargaining power and the intensity of rivalry. Of The five forces, model determines the degree of competition in an industry; its basic assumption is the profitability of the industry, not only by the attributes of the product but the market structure decision of the industry. The five forces determine the real estate’s competitive strength and profitability. United States Real Estate Five Forces Model The threat of new entrants, buyers bargaining power, threat of substitutes and the intense competition among rivals directly affect the real estate industry and its competitive nature. The different interactions between the five forces determine the levels of industries profits. Threat of new entrants Foreign investors who have access to the to America’s Real Estate industry pose a significant threat. Foreign real estate enterprises and their related constructions and installation will create unprecedented pressure on the domestic enterprises. F or a number, of these industries, the lack of ability to compete will force them to withdraw from the industry, and a large market share of the real industry market will be foreign owned. For most developers in America, this is not a challenge but rather a serious crisis of survival. The new entrants use a lot of resources to eliminate the original product; they provide their product at low prices reducing corporate profits of other real estate firms. Nevertheless, enterprise

The UK Motor Car Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The UK Motor Car Market - Essay Example The UK motor market is controlled by the factors in the macro-environment, which are not in the control of the companies, and also by factors in the microenvironment, which can be usually controlled by the companies. Both these macro and micro factors can be collected and assessed in a detailed manner through certain analytical tools. So, this report will first conduct a STEEPLE analysis of the UK motor car market, evaluating aspects, which are important to car manufacturing organizations. Then the report will focus on the microeconomic environment, discussing UK motor market from the perspective of the product, labor and competition, and finally ending with examples of how HRM is practiced in car manufacturing organizations in line with these macro and micro aspects. When viewed from a socio-cultural perspective, cars and other forms of automobiles in the UK market are maximally seen as status symbols and as products that will boost one's image. Although all cars are for transportation, certain brands will have a high price tag, due to their power, efficiency features, technology and importantly their brand name. However, due to a slowdown in economic growth, many people â€Å"are waking up to the fact that owning† a costly branded car is â€Å"not the status symbol that it was once perceived to be.† (Milmo 2011). So, people are not buying cars particularly high branded cars that frequently, and this socio-cultural aspect could also be one of the reasons, why UK car sales fell for the 13th consecutive month. (Milmo 2011). Technology Updating and incorporating new and efficient technologies is a key aspect of car manufacturing. The consumers all over the world including UK are not only demanding a lot of features and comfortable ride, but importantly fuel efficiency. So, the automobile companies are investing and have to keep on investing heavily in R&D, particularly for the development of fuel efficient options. If this trend continues, it is expected that by 2015, 25% of the vehicles will be high technology cars like Hybrids and cars that run on alternate fuels (Frost and Sullivan 2010). The figure below clearly shows that America and European countries including UK will be the major drivers behind it. Fig 1: (Frost and Sullivan 2010). Ecological Carbon-dioxide emission from automobiles is considered to be the biggest polluter, damaging the natural environment. Thus, the manufacturers in the UK motor market are looking for alternative green technologies. These technologies include hybridization, mor e efficient powertrains and alternative fuels, so that â€Å"tailpipe emissions have zero impact on air quality emissions by 2030-2050.† (â€Å"UK publishes roadmap†, 2011). Another reason for adopting this option is the depleting oil reserves. Political Number of emission norms, are being set by the UK government to address the environmental concerns, thus allowing the political machinery to play a role in the macroeconomic environment. Actually, the European countries on the whole have also been passing emission norms (Euro 5 and 6 being the current standards) which the car manufacturers have to comply with. In addition to emission norms, governments impact companies in UK motor market through laws relating to mileage per gallon and importantly passenger safety laws. Legal As an extension of its political role, UK government has stipulated legal requirements that need to be fulfilled while

Dante, Plato, Aristotle Essay Example for Free

Dante, Plato, Aristotle Essay The assignment is poetry v. philosophy. Plato speaks of a quarrel b/t poetry and philosophy. He dismisses the arts while Aristotle defends them. DO we see traces of this quarrel in later traditions? If so, where? And how is it played out there? For this essay, in addition to Plato and Aristotle, focus on Dantes Inferno. (Please look to see if my thesis is clear and strong, my evidence is all relevant, and whether this whole essay persuades you) Throughout his life, Plato strongly believed that the arts and philosophy directly opposed each other. On the other hand, Aristotle defended poetry as an aid to philosophy. Dante, a philosophical poet, successfully synthesizes Plato and Aristotles views in the Divine Comedy of the Inferno without compromising either school of thought. He acknowledges the fact that while the arts have its uses within the material world and philosophy its uses in the spiritual, both need the other to be complete. Both Plato and Aristotle agree that poetry brings about great emotion which has a lasting impact on the individual and society. However, they disagree on poetrys emotional effects. In Meno, Plato believes it results in harm while Aristotle argues that it leads to improvement in Poetics. Upon closer inspection, we see that Dantes Inferno contains a philosophical significance underlying its poetic style. Poetry and philosophy work towards the same end, but in different ways. There is no doubt that poetry is an imitation. What Aristotle and Plato dispute over is the source of that imitation. Plato strongly states that the arts are mimetic, twice removed from the truth. They are an imitation of the ideal entities in the realm of the forms, in which all things are perfect. For instance, tragedy presents multiple possibilities and situations rather than a single essence. In Meno, Platos Socrates discusses the difference between doxa and episteme. Poets, politicians and priests utilize doxa, a type of knowledge that is not mediated through any intellectual reasoning. This further demonstrates the composition of the material realm. Right opinion, or doxa, flees from the mind just as the materialistic body quickly perishes. Socrates says opinion is not worth much until it is fastened with reasoning of cause and effect (Plato 65). He is alluding to episteme, true knowledge that remains in the brain. This is accomplished through intellectual inquiry in the ideal realm. Throughout the dialogue, Menon insults Socrates by saying he looks like a stingray, alluding to a type of numbing-drug. However, Menon proves to have false knowledge as Socrates shows how anamnesis occurs via the Socratic Method. Only when he experiences aporia, the state of confusion and realization of ones ignorance, can he reach true knowledge. The reference to the drug, pharmakon, symbolizes how Menon became numb to the false, material world in order to transition to the divine realm where all things originate. While Plato asserts that imitation comes from the true essence of things, Aristotle believes it has its roots in human action. In Poetics, he examines how humans have an instinct for imitation, harmony and rhythm. We often learn our earliest lessons from mimesis. Aristotle asserts that the only way to reach the ideal is through action. He views it as a horizontal developmental rather than a vertical one, as Plato did. By the process of energia, we move from potential to actuality. This is also analogous to the concept of the material to the ideal. We come out of the cave and into the sun through our own activities. As the arts best represent action, tragedy contains knowledge because it presents psychological possibilities and universal truths about ourselves. Each possible reality may be the ideal essence. Tragedy, after all, is an imitation of action and of life, not men. The stage externalizes whats within our souls. The actors play out the meaning of life which the audience can safely inspect without endangering themselves. This perspective is extremely human-centric compared to Platos divine ideal. For instance, tragedy contains plot that is action-centric and based on the structure of incidents. Unlike a story, a plots events can be resequenced in any fashion. This is like an experiment in which the stage is our lab. A plot can furthermore be split in two ways: complex or simple. A complex plot contains peripeteia and anagnorisis. The latter, similar to Platos Meno, shows the progression from ignorance to knowledge. Yet the characters on stage, even after making decisions, are still susceptible to Fortunes will. Thus peripeteia occurs, alluding to God and the divine realm we ultimately reach with the aid of anagnorisis. There are some things people cant control. However, what we do imitate and control are our actions within the material world. For Aristotle, action was the most significant aim to focus on. In Dantes Inferno, the poet Virgil guides Dante into Hell. Poetry begins to act as a gentler remedy compared to philosophy. It is more relatable to the human mind and physical world. Through catharsis, Dante must eliminate all emotional tumult to become enlightened. This process of catharsis is similar to the movement from the material to spiritual realm. Paradiso, the highest realm, is where true intellect exists and where we become one with God. In the second canto, Dante demonstrates the wickedness of emotions and the materialistic realm when Virgil tells him: Your soul has been assailed by cowardice, which often weighs so heavily on a man- distracting him from honorable trails- as phantoms frighten beasts when shadows fall. (lines 45-48) This is an extremely Platonian perspective. Partially right, Plato believed that tragedy produced cowardly leaders as it appealed to passion rather than logic and reason. Through Virgil, Dante demonstrates how the arts, especially poetry, are effective in cleansing the soul of emotion by experiencing or contemplating it. Much like the Socratic Method in Meno, Dante must become numb to false knowledge via catharsis and begin with a clean slate. He accomplishes this by observing the damned in the inferno. When he passes through aporia, only then will he become enlightened and obtain truth. The shadows are a reference to Augustines visio corporals, the cave of pure materiality, in which false knowledge resides. Dante says in canto one that man must come out of the shadowed forest (line 2) where he is so full of sleep (line 11). All this is accomplished through human action, represented through tragedy and poetry. Furthermore, Virgil symbolizes the coming emergence of Christian Rome through Dante. He has already taken Aeneas to the Underworld, setting up the entire story. Parallel to this, poetry lays the necessary foundation for the coming age of philosophy. Dante uses typology of the inferno to paradiso. Like the Hebrew Bible, the inferno remains incomplete and foreshadows whats to come. The New Testament completes the text, in the same way philosophy does to poetry. Each is interdependent on the other. In the Inferno, Dante fails to read the inscription to the Gateway to Hell, demonstrating how the archaic style of backgrounding no longer resounds in the new age of foregrounding. This method brings to light how the mind reads and interprets with reason. Because the material realm is incomplete, Dante cannot move to this abstract, spiritual meaning without first going through the forest. In the third canto, Virgil describes to Dante how those in hell have lost the good of the intellect (line 18). The mind can never be fulfilled as it is a pure sensory experience. This is proven when Virgil is only able to guide Dante so far. He cannot take Dante beyond the material realm because he is not a Christian. He represents the arts, the non-metaphysical. A higher entity, Beatrice, will lead him to paradiso. Virgil declares in canto one: If you would then ascend as high as these / a soul more worthy than I am will guide you (lines 121-122). Likewise, we can think of poetry, represented by Virgil, as a disguise to philosophy, the eventual remedy of Beatrice. While philosophy speaks of a thing itself, poetry uses metaphors as a transition to reach a philosophical conclusion. It is a vehicle for truth in its own peculiar way, addressing our minds through imagination, sensibility and feelings. Dante can synthesize Plato and Aristotles views because they are working toward one common goal: the divine, the cave of pure intellect. The mechanisms of philosophy are simply a more sophisticated turn on poetry. Traces of Plato are still seen in Dante, especially when he states in the fifth canto: Those who undergo this torment are damned because they sinned subjecting reason to the rule of lust (lines 37-39). However, in tragedy, what seems irrational and absurd to the audience becomes permeated with reason as it speaks the universal truth about ourselves. The arts show there is something beyond human thought and action as the audience learn how we cannot control everything. There is something beyond this human, materialistic world that we cannot begin to understand. This is God, which is exactly what philosophy aims at. It speaks the truth, not only of human action, but of the existence of the ultimate good. In this way, poetry consists of rational thought and intellect. Virgil tells Dante in canto eight: Forget your fear, no one can hinder our passage; One so great has granted it (lines 104-105). We are turning inward to our souls to reach the divine. This also speaks of Gods infinite and unexplainable power. God makes the impossible possible. Dante had to go down into the deepest level of hell to see the divine. This irony demonstrates catabasis and anagogy, the one single movement towards God. Furthermore, Cassius and Brutus foreshadow Judas betrayal. These three make up the material inversion of the Holy Trinity. We are able to see God in Lucifer. This demonstrates the typology from the inferno to paradiso as well as the process of recollection in Platos Meno and Aristotles Poetics. Just as Dante had to move through death to experience life, the reader must pass through poetry to obtain philosophy. All thinking about God involves moving from the material to the realm of the forms. The divine uses metaphors, our language, to help us understand. We are able to indirectly talk to God through poetry as He determines our fate. It was his will to send Dante into Hell. Like poetrys catharsis and philosophys pharmakon, Dante engages his mind as he journeys through the inferno. By looking and contemplating the suffering of the damned, he becomes reconciled to aspects of his life which would otherwise be nonsensical. Both the poet and philosopher seek the existence of God and of the metaphysical. Although Dante recognizes that the arts have limited utility, he realizes how poetry helps lay the foundation for philosophy through the Aristotelian and Platonian method. It has a cognitive function by helping to better appreciate and complete philosophy. As Venantius Fortunatus wrote in his hymn Vexilla Regis, by death did life procure. Likewise, by poetry did philosophy come about.